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Maintaining Timber Windows A well-maintained wooden window is a crucial element of a building that is historic. It reflects in varying degree the materials and techniques of the time it was made, the craftsmanship and architectural taste. If it is possible, repairs must be made in-situ. The repair system that is based on resin can be used to fix the most damaged areas of decay without removing the whole window. Durability Timber windows were built to last hundreds of years. However, they need to be maintained to ensure they look good and operating properly. The most common maintenance tasks include sash-cord repairs, re-tightening sash pulleys, and painting. The demand for upgrading timber windows to improve efficiency in energy use is also growing. This may include replacing old glazing units, repairing existing window rebates or installing new cills to improve air seal. The corrosion of paintwork is a major problem with traditional windows. This is particularly important when it comes to sash windows as the gaps between sashes can often be very large. In these situations, water can penetrate the paint film and cause rotting of the putty and the wood underneath. The rotting may be further aggravated due to weather conditions that are poor. To stop this from happening windows, they should be regularly painted with an exterior wood paint that is suitable. The areas that are damaged should be repaired with resin-based products. This will ensure the maximum amount of original fabric is retained. It is essential to limit the number of holes drilled into the frame in order to allow cable access, as these can admit moisture and cause decay. The structural movement of the wall could also cause distortions in the frame as well as the sash. This could result in sash no longer fitting correctly or sticking or jamming into the opening and broken glazing. Often this can be corrected by fitting new sash boxes made from slow grown deal (pine) or oak. The cill must be made of a durable hardwood, like oak, to avoid the movement of new and existing work. To reduce the risk, there are now a number of companies who produce Boston pattern sash made of wood that can be fitted into most openings. They are available in a range of sizes and finishes to suit the requirements of the modern homeowner. In conjunction with quadruple draught strip and improved thermal insulation, these sashes can make a a substantial difference to the energy efficiency of a home. Aesthetics Many old timber windows have a high aesthetic value as they often demonstrate, in a way, the materials and technology and architectural taste of the period from when they were built. They may have significant historical value in their own right. This is especially true of early unglazed windows in timber-framed buildings, in which the majority were simply a series openings in structural frames subdivided horizontally by mullions with vertical iron or wood bars to protect against intrusions. It is important to maintain the appearance of traditional wooden window joinery. It is essential that any decay resulting from moisture penetration should be immediately stopped once it is recognised. This is best done by painting thoroughly, especially in areas in which there is already damage or deterioration. It is recommended to use paints specifically designed to be used as part of a system (primer, undercoat and finish) and follow the manufacturer's guidelines in terms of preparation and the number of coats required at each stage. The fungus that causes wet rot can spread quickly in old timber windows. To prevent this from happening, take out any damaged or rotten components as soon as you can. Replace rotting wood with slow-growing deal (pine), and when possible, the exact kind of timber that is being removed to prevent any differential movement. Glass became less expensive and more abundant in the late medieval era and into the 17th century. This led to the openings for glazed windows on timber-framed houses were more elaborate, with moulded mullions and traceries, made of wood and deep projecting cills. In the past, more often, the glass was set within rebated frames and secured with 'glazing sprigs' rather than into lead cames. This method of glazing is not only less prone to leaking but also allows for much wider, clearer sheets of glass to be used in windows than would otherwise have been possible without the need for leaded lights. Energy efficiency The traditional timber windows are energy efficient due to their thickness, multilayer construction and focus on particulars. They also have large glass areas and deep projecting cills that minimise air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draughtproofing windows can be made more efficient to improve their energy efficiency. However, it is important to keep in mind that any such measures must be considered in relation to the overall quality and appearance of the window in its original form. It makes sense to repair or upgrade existing windows, rather than replacing them, particularly when improvement in thermal efficiency can be achieved through simple fixes. The windows that are historic have a lot of historical value, as they demonstrate a variety in technological advancement and changes in architectural taste. Many people believe that the windows will need to be replaced in the near future. However, most can still provide service for 150,200, and even 250 years with proper maintenance. It is important to recognise that the decay issues that are associated with traditional windows made of timber can be avoided by thorough maintenance and swift repairs. It is also crucial to identify damp problems and fix them quickly in order to avoid major damage. The early deterioration of paint is a major issue, as it allows moisture to penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. It is not uncommon for this issue to go undetected until the paintwork starts to crack or turn curly. However, it could cause structural damage and then further decay. A quality paint will stop moisture from entering the paint. It is also essential to keep the paintwork clean in order to prevent condensation and the growth of mould. The use of modern synthetic paints can pose a problem since they are typically designed to be water-resistant and this may cause the growth of mildew in the window frame. The majority of older windows were constructed of sapwood-rich timber. These timbers can deteriorate quickly when exposed to rain, however they can be preserved with an extensive preservation treatment prior to use. It is also crucial to ensure that the type of timber used is well-suited to the site and climate conditions, as these factors affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers produce various types of timber sash that can be customized to fit specific historic openings. They are available in the standard Boston pattern or in custom sizes to fit historical structures. Maintenance The life span of windows made from timber can be extended significantly through regular inspections, careful redecoration and prompt repair. The main cause of decay is moisture penetration through deteriorated paint and putty. This can be avoided by thorough painting and the use of high-quality wood preservative. Repairs to old sash windows as well as casement window frames should be done with care and with minimal disruption. Many of the traditional designs for timber windows can be repaired without removing the frame, and this approach should be followed whenever feasible. Paint that is peeling or loose should be removed with care and lightly sanded to improve the 'key' of the surface and allow for an easier adhesion of the new coating. tilt and turn windows cambridge should be taken to avoid stripping paint layers that may have historic value If these are present it is recommended that a study of the paint be conducted. If a portion of wood is decayed, the best solution is to remove it and replace it with timber inserts designed to match the existing profiles. The wood that is inserted should be treated with a wood preserver and the joint between the timber cill and the sub-cill of the masonry should be sealed. Replacement of traditional windows with PVC-u may be a tempting option, especially when the installer offers a “one-stop shop” installation service that can handle removal and replacement in one day. It is essential that installers of replacement windows are aware of the history and design of traditional timber frames. This will enable them to make appropriate recommendations for energy efficiency improvements and other technical improvements that won't harm the character of a historic building. The window installers who provide replacement windows must be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme such as FENSA. This will ensure the replacements are deemed acceptable by the Building Regulations as a suitable option. A skilled carpenter can put in PVC-u windows that are suited to the original character of the building. This is particularly relevant when windows are situated within listed buildings or conservation areas.